Cold permanent waving apparatus



Oct. 12, v. LEoN 2,331,485

' COLD PERMANENT WAVING APPARATUS i Filed Aug. s, 1940 K 2 sngets-snee'zl' ATTORNEY a or Leon Oct'. 12, 1943. V, LEQN 2,331,485

COLD PERMANENT WAVING APPARATUS INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 12, 1943 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE COLDl PEBMLANENT WAVINGAPPARATUS Victor Leon, New York, N. Y.

Application August 3, 1940, ySerial No. 350,760

14 Claims.

My invention relates to the art of waving the hair upon the head of a person in a manner known as permanent waving. The methods of waving in most common use depend upon the application of heat, generally by electrically heated units, to the hair while Wound on curlers or spindles. The application offheat, however, is attended by serious hazards such as scalp burns, electric shocksk and burning of the hair; and there is always considerable discomfort caused by the heating of the head. To avoid these hazards and discomfort there has been pro-posed a method of cold waving which depends `upon the setting of the hair by chemical means; lin brief this involves the application to the curled strands of a softening agent, for which purpose a solution of ammonium hydrogen suliide has been used, to set the hair, and then rinsing to remove the agent. Serious complications have arisen from this method of treatment as practiced, since the solution is in direct contact with the vscalp and skin infections and at times poisoning have followed from the direct contact.

The present invention provides for a cold vwave procedure which eliminates the foregoing complications by an applicator, enclosing a strand of hair wound upon a mandrel or spindle, that can be made fluid-tight to maintain the treating solution out of direct contact with the scalp. The applicator is in the form of a container for llOllsing the mandrel and has a tube opening into it for the entry of a treating solution; the tube is preferably connected to a hollow mandrel within .the container which mandrel is perforated to insure flow of the treating solution through the strand of hair wound upon it.

The invention further provides for a; uniform and assured applicationy of a treating solutionto all strands of hair to be separatelycurled by enclosing each curler in a separate Yapplicator and applying a pressure equally and continuously on streams of treating solution fed to the individual applicators. In thisv manner the separate curls are treated alike, and there is thus minimized the tendency to unevenness in the general eifect and the failure to suiliciently curl some strands as frequently occurs in the practice of applying a solution directly to the entire scalp; by means `of individual applicators it is moreover possible to recur] individual strands which do not satisfy the customer or to curl only selected portions of the hair. The continuously and equally applied pressure issecured by means of a rotary pump which i's connected to the tubes; a preferred arrangement for promoting vequalized distribution of vliquid to the individual applicators is branch tubes connected to the pump and-each ofthese subdivided in sub-branch tubes connected to the applicators.

Further objects will be seen as the description of my invention proceeds. 1 v In further description ofl my invention referenceis had to the drawings in which- Fig. 1 is a rear elevationof a ladys head illustrating the inventioninassembled form. p Fig.` 2 is an enlarged detail on the line.V 2-2' of Fig. 1, saidgure showingia top view of a container that houses they woundhair to be waved and into which the chemical or otherlfluid liquid is contained.

` nig. '3 isa detail view similar to Fig.' 2 showing the container in open position. Fig. 4 is a front elevation showing the hair to be waved in curled up position, and in readiness to be impregnated with the liquids.

Fig. 5 is a vertical section taken on the line 5 5 of Fig. 1.

Fig.` 6 is a detail of airubber closure member showing said member applied toV a .ladys head with a strandof hair V,projecting through aslot iisaidmember, said Ihair. being in readiness for winding around themandrelor spindle.v

-. Fig. 7 showsan exposed plan View of a modi'-v ed-form of container with the hair curled around. aniandrel in said containerpreparatory to the application of the liquid therein. .y Fig.L 8`is a transverse section taken" on the line S-`8`of'Fg. 7.

Fig. 9 is a detail View spindle. n

Fig. 10 is a section taken on 'a line lil- Ill of Fig.V y9. l

of a lform of mandrel or Fig. 11` is ,a perspectivev yiew vof the rubber y closure member. n

Fig.V 12 is a further modification of the `mandrel and liquid container;

y Fig. 13 is a view of saidcontainer on a line l3-l3 ofFig. 12. 4

` Fig. 14 is a section'taken on'the'line 'I4-I4 of Fig. 12 with theV rubber closure'omi'tted. Y

Referring to Fig. 1` said iigure showsjthemanner of distribution and mounting of the container units, upon the head of the 'person whose haii is to receive a permanent wave. The numeral' 20 'designates the container units in which the Vhair in coiled form is` contained.A '2| s are individual sub-branch tubes whichare insertibleinto said container. 22 are tube jointures from .which said y'sub-branch tubes project. 23; 24"and 25 are main branch tubes which terminate into a' 'jointure member 26, said jointure member is connected to the discharge opening of the pump 21. Said pump may be operated optionally by hand or by some power means such as an electric motor. The intake pipe 21a of said pump is projected into the fluid containers or receptacles 23. A preferred embodiment of the pump 21 is of the wellknown vacuum pressure type, which, by means of the reversal of the direction of the prime mover of said pump, enables the alternate injection of fluid into said unit containers and the drainage thereof. In this manner said containers may contain the chemical hair treating fluid initially,.f after which the containers may contain aneutralizing fluid and finally a cleansing fiuid is pumped into the tube system to remove 'andi thoroughly cleanse the hair of all residue of pre-V vious iiuid injections into said containers.

The aforementioned arrangement can comprise.

separate containers 28 each of which contains one of the fluids mentioned. and which can be connected in rotation with the pipe 21@L in accordance with the manner of treating the hair as already set forth.

The substitution of fluid containers 2S Ywith the pipe 2l'8L may be effected in any well known manner and does not require a detailed description of the manner of such container substitution; for instance, the bottle 28 supported on a base 28*1 can be lowered by withdrawing thebase and inserting another bottle, or the pump together with the intake 21 and the enclosing stopper can be lifted to give access to the bottle and permit another bottle to be substituted, and the intake and pump `can then be replaced.;V

In such cases, as above stated, after the feeding of the liquid into the fluid container units shall have served the purpose intended, the elevated portionV` of the system may be lowered below the level of the units thereby enabling the draining thereof and placing said units in readiness for further liquid injection therein.

The spindle or mandrel 29 is of the usual type device employed for winding they hair 3| in coiled form.` The hair is gound round said mandrel with the securing latch 30 lifted as indicated lby said latch in dotted line, after which the latch vis snapped inwardly and held against said hair 3l and the central body of said mandrel by a rubber band (not shown); other means well known to the art for holdingthe latch30 can be employed; In this manner the hair is securely held in coiled position as shown in Fig. 5.

Referringto Fig. 7. The shell 32 forming a container may be either metal or plastic material, such as Bakelite. The shell 32 is provided with a slotted opening at( thev periphery of `said shell. The opening aforesaid is large enough'to permit the insertion of the projection 33"` of the closure member 33 in the position as shown in Fig. 8.

A portion of the hair from the wearers head 201i that is intended to be coiled preparatory for permanent waving, is fed through the slot .33 of the rubber closure member 33, the latter being preferably made of soft rubber. The manner of feeding the hair through 'said slot 33a is shown in Fig. 6.

After the hair is fed through the slot 33a` said hair is wound round the mandrel 29, said hair winding bringing the mandrel close to the` closure member 33.` The mandrel 29 with the hair wound around it is slipped `into place as shown in Fig. 7 simultaneously with ,said slipping on `of the closure member 33, in the manner shown in Fig. 8.

The container 32 is provided with an opening 34 and an end opening 34a through which the mandrel 29 is thrust within the container 32 aided by the handle 35 attached to said mandrel 29. The soft rubber plug 3G is inserted in the opening 34 at the right end of the container (see Fig. '7), and a liquid tight closure results by reason of said plugwhich serves to effect the closure. The plug 39 is locked into position by reason of slotted opening 39a which presses against the projection 33b of the closure member 33. Said position is necessary to maintain the mandrel 29 with respect to the hair on the head of the wearer.

The tube 2| extends into the mandrel 29, said tube being lprovided with perorations Zia as shown in Fig. 9,to permit liquid to penetrate to the other surface of the mandrel. The end of the mandrel 29 through which the tube 2l projects, has a beveledthread 21C. member 31 is screwed over said thread 2 lc.V Said joint member makes possiblea liquid tight closure of the opening 34B.

A vent pipe and valve arrangement 38 is provided for the container 32,'which arrangement provides for the escapeof air in the piping systern `to permit the circulation thereinof whatever liquid is injected into said system and, including the coiled hair containers which are a part of said system; Acirculation means a cyclic flow, andv for this purpose a return `system to the bottle, such as one'duplicating the distribution vsystemi can be connected to the vent.

pipes 38 of each applicator shown in Fig. 7.'

Referring to Fig. 4,-there is illustrated a modification of the container shown in; Fig. '7. The container 20 is made preferably of iiexible rubber in the shape shown in Fig. 4.l Other forms of rubber containers can be used.

The container is-opened'in the manner shown inA Fig. 3 and is closed 4as shown Vin Fig. 2. The latch 38a is pivoted'at the bearing 39 which is secured to the arm lever 40'; 3 Said arm lever moves in the bearing 4i which is attached to the closure bar 42. A pin V43 serves to hold theextension lever ar-m` 44e which-is secured to the opposite closure'bar 44a. Said closure bars 42 and 44* have a soft rubber covering, 44b and M c `respectively, to provide watertight closures when said closure bars 42 -and 44a 'are closed and locked. The locking of Jthe container is performed Aby hooking the end of the extension arm 44e behind the pin 43 and* bringing the closure bars 42 and 44a together after 4which the arm lever 40 is swung over and the latch'38a'and the hook 44j are brought rinto the position as shown in Fig. v2. The slipping of the rhook 441 out of closed position after being locked is'prevented by the toothed section of the latch 38?.I

The opening of thecontainer 2.'i"as shownin Fig. 3 exposes a pouch bag interior of sufiicient size to hold the spindle'29.;' The hair to be curled is passed between the 'closure bars 44C `and 44b after which'the hair is wound roundthe spindle 29 in the vmanner shown infFig.5.' 'I'he fiuidsk ref quired for treatment of the haircurl are supplied through the tubing, in the manner already .described. The tubing'Zl is reinforced byV rubber reinforcementzlb. Overlapwsections 5I! band 50* overlap the respective, soft coverings 44 'and 44?.

Figs.^12, 13 and 14showra further modification of the hair curl containenthe container 41fprloper ,is madeup of two sections .4.5 'end ia: The rub.-

A screw joint ing 46 provided therefor. The container may be of metal or a plastic like Bakelite with an inner s lining of rubber. c i

The hair to be curled isnfed through the opening 33a of the closure member 33 in the usual manner and afterwards wound round the spind le 29. The spindle is placed in one of the half sections of the container 41, and then the parts 45 and 452L are joined together by the bent bar 48 being secured under. the loop bar 49 at both ends of the container 41 as shown in Fig-14.

The opposite closure is made by Llockingthe clasp rf), thereby securing said sections together in a liquid tight manner, said container being reinforced by soft rubber circlets at the closure end of the spindle or mandrel 29 as shown in the broken section of Fig. 12. Also the top portionv of section 45a and the bottom portion of section 45 is rubber reinforced as seen in Fig. 14. y

A particular feature of my-invention resides in the fact that the coiled hair is secured in taut position by means of the mandrel 29 and the latch 30 thereof. The function ofthe closures of the container units shown in the drawings is for the purpose of maintaining a liquid and air-tight closure medium, the coiled hair within each of said container unitsvbeing secured in position for cold wave treatment by the mandrel 29 in the manner described.

Particular attention is also directed to the preferred container unit shown in Fig. 4, the outer covering of said unit being made of resilient andflexible material, such as soft rubber, which enables the ready insertion of the mandrel 29 with the coiled hair thereon into said container without the slightest discomfort to the person upon Whose head the permanent hair wave is nated. The maintenance of the liquid away from' direct contact with the scalp permits the use of any softening agent without danger; it ispref erred, however, to use a water solution of hydrogen sulde or a non-toxic agent. f.

In the operation of the device with the simplied form illustrated, the pump is started, after the applicators are in position, to force the liquid from the bottle into the containers. A positive and continuous pressure is thus applied upon the liquid and this is equalized on all the applicators; thereby there is insured a uniform treatment; of all the curls. Pressure is maintained for the period required; and thereafter the liquid can be released through the vent pipes 39 and collected in a suitable receptacle or returned to the bottle, or the pump rotation can be reversed to Create a suction upon the containers and thus draw the liquid out of the curled strands. The bottle of softening liquid is then replaced by one containing a neutralizing solution and the operation is repeated. Then a cleansing liquid is substituted and the operation repeated to wash and remove all traces of the chemicals. Since the containers are closed during these operations there is no leakage of liquid nor is there escape of gaseous odor to any noticeable degree.

While the invention has been described in jdetail with specific ,examples and modifications :suchi examplesare illustrative and are not givenasi limitations, since other modifications within the spirit `and scope of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the` art.

Now having described my invention, what I; claim is Y y *1. f An apparatus for treating hairgupon the head of a person including a containerand a mandrel, a portion of said hair being curled or wound upon the mandrel and secured thereon, said man-` drel being'insertible through an opening in the container and said container having Y sealing. means for renderingv said opening air and liquid.;

tight aftersaid mandrel has been inserted` therein; tubular liquid conveyormeans connected with the inner section of said container, apump op-` erably connected with said liquid conveyor means to alternately ll and drain said container of, fluids acting upon said coiled hair portion there-1 by causing` said hair to be waved in the mannerj set forth.

2. An apparatus of the class described including a container, said container having closure means thereon whereby said vcontainer'is made liquid and air tight, said closure means including a slotted opening through which a portion of hair from the'head of a person` is projected therethrough, a mandrel attachable within said container upon which said hair portion isA wound and secured thereon, tubular conveyor means in-,. serted in said container, a pump operably con-- nected with said tubular conveyor means, a. liquid storing means connected ywith said pump, through piping means, said pump to, ,cause a.l liquid flow from said liquid storing means to said. container through the medium of Asaid liquid storing means, said pump likewise-causing the drainage of said liquid in` saidcontainer `upon the reversal of direction of operation of theV pump aforesaid.

3. An apparatus of the class described, including a group of closure containers, said'containers attachable to the head of laA person whosehair is to be waved, each of saidcontainers havingv a resilient slotted opening through which a por'-L tion of the hair fromthe head of said personlis projected therethrough; a mandrel attachable within each of said containers and upon which said hairlportion is wound and secured thereon, locking means for` the air and liquid tight closure of each of said containers, said locking means including means for the closure of each of said respective slotted openings; tubular liquid "ccnveyor means attached to each of said containers, liquid supply and drainage means attached to saidr conveyor means whereby liquids may be alter- `nately conveyed to and drained from the group of containers aforesaid.

4. An apparatus for treating hair upon. the head of a person including a series of containers attachable to the head of said person, each of said containers constructed of flexible material, a closure member attachable at the opening of each of said containers, said closure member having a slotted opening through which a portion of the hair to be waved is inserted, a mandrel insertible in each of said containers after said hair portion that has been inserted through said slotted opening of said closure member and wound around said mandrel and secured thereon, locking means on each of said containers to secure and lock said closure members into said container' opening whereby said container' is made-air `and liquid tight; ltubular liquid-conveyorfmeans attached toeachof `said containers, liquidlsupply and drainage means attached to said conveyormeans whereby liquidsmayv be alternately conveyed to and drained from the ber whereby each of said containers is made air and liquid tight, tubular conveyor means inserted in each of said containers, said tubular conveyory means including liquid storage means and pump'- ing means for alternately conveying liquid supply and theidrainage thereof in each of said 'containers, whereby said hair portion in each of said containers may be treated by the liquids conveyed to said containers and the drainage thereof after said hair treatment shall have been made.

6. The structure as set forth 'in claim 1,' saidcontainer including two sections, each of said sections having an inner rubber lining, said sections hingedv at each end thereof by a pair of hooked jointures, andhasp locking means at the opposite side of said hinged sections, a closure member of soft rubbermaterial afxed in the opening portion of said container, said closure member having a slot opening through which a portion of the hair is fed and then wound around said mandrel, and secured thereonv said closure member affixed inisaid opening portion of saidI container after said mandrel is inserted therein, said container being locked and lsealed `uponsaid aflixing of said closure by the hasp locking means aforesaid. Y

'7. The structure as set forth in claim 1 and a controllable air vent on the wall of saidcontainer to permit the escape of air in said tubular liquid conveyor means just prior to the injection of the liquid Within the conveyor aforesaid.- l

8. The structure as set forth in claim 1, said tubular liquid conveyor means includinga series ofseparate tubes, each of said tubes terminating into one of said containers, said tubes joined-to a central multiple tube connection, said multiple tube connection connected by piping means to said liquid supply and drainage means aforesaid.` I

9. The structure as set forth in claim 1,-said liquid supply and drainage means including "a pump and storage means operably .attached thereto, whereby said liquidisuppiy may be con-` veyed to said containers and afterward drained action of the pump aforesaid.

10.` The structure as set forth in claim 1, said liquid storage-means including*two' or-'more liquid receptacles interchangeably" connected whereby diffrent liquids may be- Valternately conveyed through said tubular conveyor means into said containers and followed by the drainage thereof forfthe purposeset forth. Y

11.-A`n-apparatus for treatinghair upon thehea'd 'ofiapersonincluding a container and a' mar'i'drel,a-portion of said-hair being curledV or wunduponthe mandrel andsecured thereon, saidmandrel being insertible into the container and saidcontainerhavng sealing means thereon whereby said container is made liquid and air tight while'said'hair portion is contained therein;

tubular fluid conveyor means connected with said container, pumping means connected with said tubularsconveyo'r means, uid storage means connected with said pumping means through the' valve transferring means inv said fluid storage means whereby separate fluids in alternate succession may be injected into said container and the drainage thereof thereby completing the cycle of operations for the waving of said hair portion in the manner set forth.

13. An apparatus for treating hair upon the head of a person including an applicator cornprising in combination a mandrel for curling a strand of hair and a container for liquid for enclosing the mandrel, said container having an opening for receiving the strand of hair and havingsealing means for the opening for preventing escape of liquid from the container, liquidcon` veying `means connected to said applicator and opening thereinto, f' and a pump connected to said conveying means for forcing liquid into said container under a 'substantially equalized and continuously applied pressure.

14. An apparatus for treating hair upon the head of a person including a plurality of applicators, each of saidV applicators comprising in combination a mandrel for curling a strand of hair and a container for liquid for enclosing the man-` drel, said container' having an opening for receiv'ing the strand of hair and having sealingl means for the opening for preventing escape of liquid from the container, liquid-conveying means including branch tubes connected to each of the applicato-rs and opening 'thereintd' and a pump connected to said conveying means for forcing 60. liquidinto'the applicators whereby pressure on therefrom through the medium vof the alternate the liquidis substantially equalized among the applicators and continuously applied.

VICTORy LEON. 

